Lactic Acid Bacteria as Mucosal Immunity Enhancers and Antivirals through Oral Delivery

Mucosal vaccination offer an advantage over systemic inoculation from the immunological viewpoint. The development of efficient vaccine is now a priority for emerging diseases such as COVID-19, that was declared pandemic in 2020 and caused millions deaths globally. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) especially Lactobacillus are vital microbiota gut, which observed having valuable effects on animals’ human health. LAB produce lactic major by-product carbohydrate degradation play significant role innate immunity enhancement. have characteristics to mimic pathogen infections intrinsically possess adjuvant properties enhance mucosal immunity. Increasing demand deliberations being substantially focused probiotic organisms can against viral diseases. also strengthen their host’s antiviral defense system by producing peptides, releasing metabolites prevent adhesion surfaces. From perspectives “one health” use probiotics, conventional belief has opened up new horizon antivirals. interest this review depict beneficial antivirals enhancers